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python异常之else代码块 通过将可能引发错误的代码放在try-except 代码块中，可提高这个程序抵御错误的能力。错误是执行除法运算的代码行导致的，因此我们需要将它放到try-except 代码块中。这个示例还包含一个else 代码块;依赖于try 代码块成功执行的代码都应放到else 代码块中:try: answer = 5/1 except ZeroDivisionError as e: print('不能除零') else: print(answer)try-except-else 代码块的工作原理大致如下:Python尝试执行try 代码块中的代码;只有可能引发异常的代码才需要放在try 语句中。有时候，有一些仅在try 代码块成功 执行时才需要运行的代码;这些代码应放在else 代码块中。except 代码块告诉Python，如果它尝试运行try 代码块中的代码时引发了指定的异常，该怎么办。 -
python生成验证码 依赖PILpip install pillow公共方法import hashlib import random import string from PIL import Image, ImageFont, ImageDraw, ImageFilter from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object("config.DevelopmentConfig") # 从config.py读入配置 def rndColor(): """随机颜色""" return random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127) def gene_text(): """生成4位验证码""" return ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 4)) def draw_lines(draw, num, width, height): """划线""" for num in range(num): x1 = random.randint(0, width / 2) y1 = random.randint(0, height / 2) x2 = random.randint(0, width) y2 = random.randint(height / 2, height) draw.line(((x1, y1), (x2, y2)), fill='black', width=1) def get_verify_code(): """生成验证码图形""" code = gene_text() # 图片大小120×50 width, height = 100, 40 # 新图片对象 im = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), 'white') # 字体 font = ImageFont.truetype('app/static/arial.ttf', 30) # draw对象 draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im) # 绘制字符串 for item in range(4): draw.text((5 + random.randint(-3, 3) + 23 * item, 5 + random.randint(-3, 3)), text=code[item], fill=rndColor(), font=font) # 划线 draw_lines(draw, 2, width, height) # 高斯模糊 im = im.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur(radius=1.5)) return im, code def salted_password(password): salt = app.config.get('SALT_KEY') hsobj = hashlib.sha256(salt.encode("utf-8")) hsobj.update(password.encode("utf-8")) return hsobj.hexdigest().upper() 调用from app import app from flask import render_template, request, session, redirect, make_response,url_for,flash from app import db from app.functions import get_verify_code, salted_password import re from app.models import Users,UsersJson,Menus,MenuDto import datetime from io import BytesIO from app.PubFunc.EmailHelp import EmailCls import json from datetime import timedelta import threading @app.route('/code') def get_code(): image, code = get_verify_code() # 图片以二进制形式写入 buf = BytesIO() image.save(buf, 'jpeg') buf_str = buf.getvalue() # 把buf_str作为response返回前端，并设置首部字段 response = make_response(buf_str) response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/gif' # 将验证码字符串储存在session中 session['verifyCode'] = code return response @app.route('/') def main(): if 'userName' not in session or session['userName'] == None or session['userName'] == '': return redirect('login') # email = EmailCls() # emailInfo = email.getEmail() # t= threading.Thread(target=email.getEmail) # t.setDaemon(True) # t.start() # t.join() menus = test_set_subMenus() return render_template('index.html',userinfo=json.loads(session['userinfo']),emailInfo=None,menus=menus) @app.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear return redirect('/login') @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def login(): if (request.method == 'GET'): return render_template('login.html') else: username = request.form.get('userlogin') password = request.form.get('loginpassword') verifyCode = request.form.get('loginverifycode') rememberme = request.form.get('rememberme') remembermemonth = request.form.get('remembermemonth') if rememberme=='on': app.config['PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME'] = timedelta(days=7) #配置7天有效 session.permanent = timedelta(days=7) if remembermemonth=='on': app.config['PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME'] = True # 长期有效，一个月的时间有效 session.permanent = True # 长期有效，一个月的时间有效 if 'verifyCode' not in session or session['verifyCode'] == None or session['verifyCode'] == '': return redirect('login') if verifyCode == None or verifyCode == '': return '请输入验证码' if verifyCode.upper() != session['verifyCode'].upper(): return '验证码输入不正确' if username == None or username == '': return '请输入用户名' if password == None or password == '': return '请输入密码' user = db.session.query(Users).filter_by(user_login=username).first() if user == None: return '当前用户尚未注册' if not user.user_pass == salted_password(password): return '密码输入不正确' session['userName'] = username session['userinfo']=json.dumps(user,default=UsersJson) return redirect('/') @app.route('/register', methods=['POST', ]) def register(): username = request.form.get('regusername') password = request.form.get('regpassword') verifyCode = request.form.get('regverifycode') userEmail = request.form.get('regemail') if username == None or username == '': return '请输入用户名' if userEmail == None or userEmail == '': return '请输入邮箱' if not re.match(r'^[0-9a-zA-Z_]{0,19}@[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,13}\.[com,cn,net,me,org,com.cn.cc.co]{1,3}$', userEmail): return '邮箱格式不正确' if password == None or password == '': return '请输入密码' if verifyCode.upper() != session['verifyCode'].upper(): return '验证码输入不正确' user = Users() user.user_login = username user.user_email = userEmail user.user_pass = salted_password(password) user.user_nicename = username user.user_registered = datetime.datetime.now() user.user_status = 1 user.display_name = username sql = 'SELECT 1 FROM Users where user_login=:username or user_email=:user_email' userExist = db.session.execute(sql, {'username': username, 'user_email': userEmail}) if len(userExist.fetchall()) > 0: return '当前用户已存在或者邮箱已被注册' db.session.add(user) db.session.commit() return redirect('/') @app.route('/welcome_iframe.html') def elements(): return render_template('welcome_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/buttons_iframe.html') def buttons(): return render_template('UI/buttons_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/general_iframe.html') def general_iframe(): return render_template('UI/general_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/icons_iframe.html') def icons_iframe(): return render_template('UI/icons_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/modals_iframe.html') def modals_iframe(): return render_template('UI/modals_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/sliders_iframe.html') def sliders_iframe(): return render_template('UI/sliders_iframe.html') @app.route('/UI/timeline_iframe.html') def timeline_iframe(): return render_template('UI/timeline_iframe.html') def queryByParent(parentid): menus = db.session.query(Menus).filter_by(parentid=parentid).all() return menus def set_subMenus(id, menus): """ 根据传递过来的父菜单id，递归设置各层次父菜单的子菜单列表 :param id: 父级id :param menus: 子菜单列表 :return: 如果这个菜单没有子菜单，返回None;如果有子菜单，返回子菜单列表 """ # 记录子菜单列表 subMenus = [] # 遍历子菜单 for m in menus: if m.parentid == id: subMenus.append(m) # 把子菜单的子菜单再循环一遍 for sub in subMenus: menus2 = queryByParent(sub.id) # 还有子菜单 if len(menus): sub.subMenus = set_subMenus(sub.id, menus2) # 子菜单列表不为空 if len(subMenus): return subMenus else: # 没有子菜单了 return None def test_set_subMenus(): # 一级菜单 rootMenus = queryByParent('0') for menu in rootMenus: subMenus = queryByParent(menu.id) menu.subMenus = set_subMenus(menu.id, subMenus) jsonData = json.dumps(rootMenus,default=MenuDto,ensure_ascii=False) return jsonData 前台<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>开发框架</title> <meta name="keywords" content="开发框架" /> <meta name="description" content="开发框架" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <!-- basic styles --> <link href="/static/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/img/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/font.googleapis.com.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/ace.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/ace-rtl.min.css" /> </head> <body class="login-layout"> <div class="main-container"> <div class="main-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1"> <div class="login-container"> <div class="center"> <h1> <i class="fa fa-leaf green"></i> <a href="https://www.erpdev.cn"><span class="red">ErpDev.Cn</span></a> <br/> <span class="white">基于Python的开发框架</span> </h1> <h4 class="blue">©copy; <a href="https://www.xiangcaowuyu.net">李森的博客</a></h4> </div> <div class="space-6"></div> <div class="position-relative"> <div id="login-box" class="login-box visible widget-box no-border"> <div class="widget-body"> <div class="widget-main"> <h4 class="header blue lighter bigger"> <i class="icon-coffee green"></i> 请输入个人信息 </h4> <div class="space-6"></div> <form action="{{ url_for("login") }}" method="post" name="loginform" id="loginform"> <fieldset> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="text" id="userlogin" name="userlogin" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名" required minlength="4" maxlength="30" /> <i class="icon-user"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="password" id="loginpassword" name="loginpassword" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码" required minlength="8" /> <i class="icon-lock"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-4"> <img id="loginverifycodeImg" src="/code" /> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 col-xs-8"> <input type="text" id="loginverifycode" name="loginverifycode" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入验证码" required minlength="4" maxlength="4" /> </div> </div> <i class="icon-lock"></i> </span> </label> <div class="space"></div> <div class="clearfix"> <label class="inline"> <input type="checkbox" class="ace" id="rememberme" name="rememberme"/> <span class="lbl">记住我(7天）</span> </label> <label class="inline"> <input type="checkbox" class="ace" id="remembermemonth" name="remembermemonth"/> <span class="lbl">记住我(1个月）</span> </label> <button type="submit" class="width-35 pull-right btn btn-sm btn-primary"> <i class="icon-key"></i> 登录 </button> </div> <div class="space-4"></div> </fieldset> </form> <div class="social-or-login center"> <span class="bigger-110">通过以下方式登录</span> </div> <div class="social-login center"> <a class="btn btn-primary"> <i class="fa fa-qq"></i> </a> <a class="btn btn-info"> <i class="fa fa-wechat"></i> </a> <a class="btn btn-danger"> <i class="fa fa-weibo"></i> </a> </div> </div><!-- /widget-main --> <div class="toolbar clearfix"> <div> <a href="#" onclick="show_box('forgot-box'); return false;" class="forgot-password-link"> <i class="icon-arrow-left"></i> 忘记密码？ </a> </div> <div> <a href="#" onclick="show_box('signup-box'); return false;" class="user-signup-link"> 注册 <i class="icon-arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div><!-- /widget-body --> </div><!-- /login-box --> <div id="forgot-box" class="forgot-box widget-box no-border"> <div class="widget-body"> <div class="widget-main"> <h4 class="header red lighter bigger"> <i class="icon-key"></i> 找回密码 </h4> <div class="space-6"></div> <p> 请输入邮箱 </p> <form> <fieldset> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="邮箱" /> <i class="icon-envelope"></i> </span> </label> <div class="clearfix"> <button type="button" class="width-35 pull-right btn btn-sm btn-danger"> <i class="icon-lightbulb"></i> 发送 </button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div><!-- /widget-main --> <div class="toolbar center"> <a href="#" onclick="show_box('login-box'); return false;" class="back-to-login-link"> 登录 <i class="icon-arrow-right"></i> </a> </div> </div><!-- /widget-body --> </div><!-- /forgot-box --> <div id="signup-box" class="signup-box widget-box no-border"> <div class="widget-body"> <div class="widget-main"> <h4 class="header green lighter bigger"> <i class="icon-group blue"></i> 注册 </h4> <div class="space-6"></div> <p> 请输入个人信息: </p> <form action="register" method="POST"> <fieldset> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="email" id="regemail" name="regemail" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入邮箱" required maxlength="100" /> <i class="icon-envelope"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="text" id="regusername" name="regusername" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入用户名" required maxlength="30" minlength="4" /> <i class="icon-user"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="password" id="regpassword" name="regpassword" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入密码" required minlength="8" maxlength="100" /> <i class="icon-lock"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <input type="password" id="regcomfirmpassword" name="regcomfirmpassword" class="form-control" placeholder="请再次输入密码" required equalTo:"#regpassword" /> <i class="icon-retweet"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block clearfix"> <span class="block input-icon input-icon-right"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-xs-4"> <img src="/code" /> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 col-xs-8"> <input type="text" id="regverifycode" name="regverifycode" class="form-control" placeholder="验证码" required="true" maxlength="4" minlength="4" /> </div> </div> <i class="icon-lock"></i> </span> </label> <label class="block"> <input type="checkbox" class="ace" required /> <span class="lbl"> 我同意 <a href="#">用户协议</a> </span> </label> <div class="space-24"></div> <div class="clearfix"> <button type="reset" class="width-30 pull-left btn btn-sm"> <i class="icon-refresh"></i> 取消 </button> <button type="submit" class="width-65 pull-right btn btn-sm btn-success"> 注册 <i class="icon-arrow-right icon-on-right"></i> </button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="toolbar center"> <a href="#" onclick="show_box('login-box'); return false;" class="back-to-login-link"> <i class="icon-arrow-left"></i> 登录 </a> </div> </div><!-- /widget-body --> </div><!-- /signup-box --> </div><!-- /position-relative --> </div> </div><!-- /.col --> </div><!-- /.row --> </div> </div><!-- /.main-container --> <!-- basic scripts --> <!--[if !IE]> --> <script type="text/javascript"> window.jQuery || document.write("<script src='/static/js/jQuery/jquery-2.2.3.min.js'>"+"<"+"/script>"); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/jQuery/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <!-- <![endif]--> <!--[if IE]> <script type="text/javascript"> window.jQuery || document.write("<script src='/static/js/jquery-1.10.2.min.js'>"+"<"+"/script>"); </script> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript"> if("ontouchend" in document) document.write("<script src='/static/js/jQuery/jquery.mobile.custom.min.js'>"+"<"+"/script>"); </script> <!-- inline scripts related to this page --> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#loginverifycodeImg").click(function(){ $('#loginverifycodeImg').attr('src',"/code?t="+Date()); }) }) function show_box(id) { jQuery('.widget-box.visible').removeClass('visible'); jQuery('#'+id).addClass('visible'); } </script> </body> </html>
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用wfastcgi在IIS下部署Django&Flask Django部署Django跟Flask在Linux底下都可以很方便地以FastCGI模式部署，貌似IIS下面不很好配置，而且IIS也缺少一个像PHPmanager一样的全自动配置工具，在公司服务器上部署起来颇费周折，部署后总结起来过程倒也不复杂，主要是网上并没有给出一个完整的方案，这里记录一下方便大家使用先来Django吧，在自己机器上简单开一个测试用网站，这里我用“C:\myWebSite\djangoWeb”做测试添加个Hello world首页，测试下工作正常就行用pip装上wfastcgi模块重要的一步来了，去python下site-package目录把“wfastcgi.py”这个文件复制到网站根目录具体原因我后面会说明，现在去IIS里添加网这里一定要进入网站控制台内的“处理程序映射”，不要在IIS控制台直接进入，不然创建的FastCGI会对所有网站生效右面点击“添加模块映射”，具体内容如下可执行文件一栏输入“python程序”和“wfastcgi.py”的位置，名称随意填写，注意别忘了中间的“|”符号填完后点开请求限制，把“仅当请求映射至以下内容时才调用处理程序勾掉”确认添加后会弹出创建FastCGI应用程序对话框，点击确认创建这样在处理程序映射里就能看到刚添加的FastCGI映射了返回IIS控制台，进入“FastCGI设置”，可以看到刚刚添加的映射双击打开，添加Django执行时候的环境变量这里环境变量一共有三个：WSGI_HANDLER 为 django.core.wsgi.get_wsgi_application()PYTHONPATH 为 网站根目录DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 为 django settings文件位置添加完成后重启IIS或去应用程序池回收一下就好了Flask部署然后部署Flask吧，同样先创建一个网站，将“wfastcgi.py”复制进来Flask的初始化代码很短，测试一下网站工作正常就行同样创建网站并添加映射，这里不再赘述注意添加映射时候“wfastcgi.py”的文件路径添加完成后确认一下返回IIS控制台，进入“FastCGI设置”，可以看到这里出现了两个“FastCGI映射”，可以推测IIS对同一个执行程序的不同参数会创建不同的映射我测试了一下，如果只是调用“site-package”目录下的同一个“wfastcgi.py”文件，将无法对不同网站创建不同的FastCGI执行环境，这也就是为什么要将“wfastcgi.py”文件复制到网站目录的原因同样打开添加环境变量Flask部署时只需要两个环境变量：WSGI_HANDLER 对应Flask实例的位置，这里就是flaskWeb文件内的appPYTHONPATH 为网站根目录配置完成后同样重启IIS或者回收对应的进程即可测试成功，至此Flask也部署完毕接下来说一下静态文件的处理方式，同样不需要太多设置，以Flask项目下的“static”文件夹为例在IIS内找到这个文件夹的页面，打开处理程序映射可以看到这里的列表跟网站是一致的将为网站创建的FastCGI映射删除掉，static文件夹就可以直接访问了，右侧的“恢复为父项”可以恢复对此目录的修改为了测试我开启了这个目录的目录浏览，放了一个jQuery进去
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